import gzip import json import os import tempfile from enum import Enum from functools import partial from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple from warnings import warn import torch import torch.autograd.profiler as prof from torch._C import _get_privateuse1_backend_name from torch._C._profiler import ( _add_execution_trace_observer, _disable_execution_trace_observer, _enable_execution_trace_observer, _ExperimentalConfig, _remove_execution_trace_observer, ) from torch.autograd import kineto_available, ProfilerActivity from torch.profiler._memory_profiler import MemoryProfile, MemoryProfileTimeline __all__ = [ "supported_activities", "ProfilerAction", "schedule", "tensorboard_trace_handler", "profile", "ExecutionTraceObserver", ] PROFILER_STEP_NAME = "ProfilerStep" def supported_activities(): """ Returns a set of supported profiler tracing activities. Note: profiler uses CUPTI library to trace on-device CUDA kernels. In case when CUDA is enabled but CUPTI is not available, passing ``ProfilerActivity.CUDA`` to profiler results in using the legacy CUDA profiling code (same as in the legacy ``torch.autograd.profiler``). This, in turn, results in including CUDA time in the profiler table output, but not in the JSON trace. """ return torch.autograd._supported_activities() class _KinetoProfile: """Low-level profiler wrap the autograd profile Args: activities (iterable): list of activity groups (CPU, CUDA) to use in profiling, supported values: ``torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU``, ``torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA``. Default value: ProfilerActivity.CPU and (when available) ProfilerActivity.CUDA. record_shapes (bool): save information about operator's input shapes. profile_memory (bool): track tensor memory allocation/deallocation. with_stack (bool): record source information (file and line number) for the ops. with_flops (bool): use formula to estimate the FLOPS of specific operators (matrix multiplication and 2D convolution). with_modules (bool): record module hierarchy (including function names) corresponding to the callstack of the op. e.g. If module A's forward call's module B's forward which contains an aten::add op, then aten::add's module hierarchy is A.B Note that this support exist, at the moment, only for TorchScript models and not eager mode models. experimental_config (_ExperimentalConfig) : A set of experimental options used by profiler libraries like Kineto. Note, backward compatibility is not guaranteed. .. note:: This API is experimental and subject to change in the future. Enabling shape and stack tracing results in additional overhead. When record_shapes=True is specified, profiler will temporarily hold references to the tensors; that may further prevent certain optimizations that depend on the reference count and introduce extra tensor copies. """ def __init__( self, *, activities: Optional[Iterable[ProfilerActivity]] = None, record_shapes: bool = False, profile_memory: bool = False, with_stack: bool = False, with_flops: bool = False, with_modules: bool = False, experimental_config: Optional[_ExperimentalConfig] = None, ): self.activities = set(activities) if activities else supported_activities() self.record_shapes = record_shapes self.with_flops = with_flops self.profile_memory = profile_memory self.with_stack = with_stack self.with_modules = with_modules self.experimental_config = experimental_config self.profiler: Optional[prof.profile] = None self.mem_tl: Optional[MemoryProfileTimeline] = None self.use_device = None privateuse1_backend = _get_privateuse1_backend_name() if privateuse1_backend != "privateuseone": self.use_device = privateuse1_backend def start(self): self.prepare_trace() self.start_trace() def stop(self): self.stop_trace() def prepare_trace(self): self.profiler = prof.profile( use_cuda=(ProfilerActivity.CUDA in self.activities), use_cpu=(ProfilerActivity.CPU in self.activities), use_mtia=(ProfilerActivity.MTIA in self.activities), use_device=None, record_shapes=self.record_shapes, with_flops=self.with_flops, profile_memory=self.profile_memory, with_stack=self.with_stack, with_modules=self.with_modules, use_kineto=True, experimental_config=self.experimental_config, ) self.profiler._prepare_trace() def start_trace(self): assert self.profiler is not None self.profiler._start_trace() if self.profile_memory: self.add_metadata_json("profile_memory", "1") if self.with_stack: self.add_metadata_json("with_stack", "1") if self.record_shapes: self.add_metadata_json("record_shapes", "1") if self.with_modules: self.add_metadata_json("with_modules", "1") if self.with_flops: self.add_metadata_json("with_flops", "1") if kineto_available(): dist_info = self._get_distributed_info() if dist_info: self.add_metadata_json("distributedInfo", json.dumps(dist_info)) # FIXME: CUPTI Lazy Re-init and CUDA Graph crashes. # This is a known issue in CUDA 11 but we have also occasionally # observed it in CUDA 12 if hasattr(torch, "_inductor"): import torch._inductor.config as inductor_config if inductor_config.triton.cudagraphs: os.environ["DISABLE_CUPTI_LAZY_REINIT"] = "1" self.add_metadata_json("DISABLE_CUPTI_LAZY_REINIT", "1") def stop_trace(self): assert self.profiler is not None self.profiler.__exit__(None, None, None) def export_chrome_trace(self, path: str): """ Exports the collected trace in Chrome JSON format. """ assert self.profiler if path.endswith(".gz"): fp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w+t", suffix=".json", delete=False) fp.close() retvalue = self.profiler.export_chrome_trace(fp.name) with open(fp.name) as fin: with gzip.open(path, "wt") as fout: fout.writelines(fin) os.remove(fp.name) return retvalue else: return self.profiler.export_chrome_trace(path) def export_stacks(self, path: str, metric: str = "self_cpu_time_total"): """Save stack traces in a file in a format suitable for visualization. Args: path (str): save stacks file to this location; metric (str): metric to use: "self_cpu_time_total" or "self_cuda_time_total" .. note:: Example of using FlameGraph tool: - git clone https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph - cd FlameGraph - ./flamegraph.pl --title "CPU time" --countname "us." profiler.stacks > perf_viz.svg """ assert self.profiler return self.profiler.export_stacks(path, metric) def key_averages( self, group_by_input_shape: bool = False, group_by_stack_n: int = 0 ): """Averages events, grouping them by operator name and (optionally) input shapes and stack. .. note:: To use shape/stack functionality make sure to set record_shapes/with_stack when creating profiler context manager. """ assert self.profiler return self.profiler.key_averages(group_by_input_shape, group_by_stack_n) def events(self): """ Returns the list of unaggregated profiler events, to be used in the trace callback or after the profiling is finished """ assert self.profiler return self.profiler.function_events def add_metadata(self, key: str, value: str): """ Adds a user defined metadata with a string key and a string value into the trace file """ wrapped_value = '"' + value.replace('"', '\\"') + '"' torch.autograd._add_metadata_json(key, wrapped_value) def add_metadata_json(self, key: str, value: str): """ Adds a user defined metadata with a string key and a valid json value into the trace file """ torch.autograd._add_metadata_json(key, value) def _get_distributed_info(self): import torch.distributed as dist if not dist.is_available() or not dist.is_initialized(): return None return { "backend": dist.get_backend(), "rank": dist.get_rank(), "world_size": dist.get_world_size(), } def _memory_profile(self) -> MemoryProfile: required = ("record_shapes", "profile_memory", "with_stack") missing = [f"{i}=True" for i in required if not getattr(self, i)] if missing: raise ValueError(f"{', '.join(missing)} required for memory profiling.") assert self.profiler is not None and self.profiler.kineto_results is not None return MemoryProfile(self.profiler.kineto_results) def export_memory_timeline(self, path: str, device: Optional[str] = None) -> None: """Extract the memory information from the memory profile collected tree for a given device, and export a timeline plot consisting of [times, [sizes by category]], where times are timestamps and sizes are memory usage for each category. The memory timeline plot will be saved a JSON (by default) or gzipped JSON. Input: (path of file, device) Output: File written as JSON or gzipped JSON """ # Default to device 0, if unset. Fallback on cpu. if device is None and self.use_device and self.use_device != "cuda": device = self.use_device + ":0" if device is None: device = "cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" # Construct the memory timeline plot data self.mem_tl = MemoryProfileTimeline(self._memory_profile()) # Depending on the file suffix, save the data as json.gz or json. # For html, we can embed the image into an HTML file. if path.endswith(".html"): self.mem_tl.export_memory_timeline_html(path, device) elif path.endswith(".gz"): fp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w+t", suffix=".json", delete=False) fp.close() if path.endswith("raw.json.gz"): self.mem_tl.export_memory_timeline_raw(fp.name, device) else: self.mem_tl.export_memory_timeline(fp.name, device) with open(fp.name) as fin: with gzip.open(path, "wt") as fout: fout.writelines(fin) os.remove(fp.name) else: self.mem_tl.export_memory_timeline(path, device) class ProfilerAction(Enum): """ Profiler actions that can be taken at the specified intervals """ NONE = 0 WARMUP = 1 RECORD = 2 RECORD_AND_SAVE = 3 def schedule( *, wait: int, warmup: int, active: int, repeat: int = 0, skip_first: int = 0 ) -> Callable: """ Returns a callable that can be used as profiler ``schedule`` argument. The profiler will skip the first ``skip_first`` steps, then wait for ``wait`` steps, then do the warmup for the next ``warmup`` steps, then do the active recording for the next ``active`` steps and then repeat the cycle starting with ``wait`` steps. The optional number of cycles is specified with the ``repeat`` parameter, the zero value means that the cycles will continue until the profiling is finished. """ def schedule_fn(step: int) -> ProfilerAction: assert step >= 0 if step < skip_first: return ProfilerAction.NONE else: step -= skip_first num_steps = wait + warmup + active if repeat > 0 and step / num_steps >= repeat: return ProfilerAction.NONE mod_step = step % num_steps if mod_step < wait: return ProfilerAction.NONE elif mod_step < wait + warmup: return ProfilerAction.WARMUP else: return ( ProfilerAction.RECORD if mod_step < num_steps - 1 else ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE ) assert ( wait >= 0 and warmup >= 0 and active > 0 and repeat >= 0 and skip_first >= 0 ), "Invalid profiler schedule arguments" if warmup == 0: warn("Profiler won't be using warmup, this can skew profiler results") return schedule_fn def _default_schedule_fn(_: int) -> ProfilerAction: """ Default profiler behavior - immediately starts recording the events, keeps doing it on every profiler step. """ return ProfilerAction.RECORD def tensorboard_trace_handler( dir_name: str, worker_name: Optional[str] = None, use_gzip: bool = False ): """ Outputs tracing files to directory of ``dir_name``, then that directory can be directly delivered to tensorboard as logdir. ``worker_name`` should be unique for each worker in distributed scenario, it will be set to '[hostname]_[pid]' by default. """ import os import socket import time def handler_fn(prof) -> None: nonlocal worker_name if not os.path.isdir(dir_name): try: os.makedirs(dir_name, exist_ok=True) except Exception as e: raise RuntimeError("Can't create directory: " + dir_name) from e if not worker_name: worker_name = f"{socket.gethostname()}_{os.getpid()}" # Use nanosecond here to avoid naming clash when exporting the trace file_name = f"{worker_name}.{time.time_ns()}.pt.trace.json" if use_gzip: file_name = file_name + ".gz" prof.export_chrome_trace(os.path.join(dir_name, file_name)) return handler_fn class profile(_KinetoProfile): """Profiler context manager. Args: activities (iterable): list of activity groups (CPU, CUDA) to use in profiling, supported values: ``torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU``, ``torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA``. Default value: ProfilerActivity.CPU and (when available) ProfilerActivity.CUDA. schedule (Callable): callable that takes step (int) as a single parameter and returns ``ProfilerAction`` value that specifies the profiler action to perform at each step. on_trace_ready (Callable): callable that is called at each step when ``schedule`` returns ``ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE`` during the profiling. record_shapes (bool): save information about operator's input shapes. profile_memory (bool): track tensor memory allocation/deallocation. with_stack (bool): record source information (file and line number) for the ops. with_flops (bool): use formula to estimate the FLOPs (floating point operations) of specific operators (matrix multiplication and 2D convolution). with_modules (bool): record module hierarchy (including function names) corresponding to the callstack of the op. e.g. If module A's forward call's module B's forward which contains an aten::add op, then aten::add's module hierarchy is A.B Note that this support exist, at the moment, only for TorchScript models and not eager mode models. experimental_config (_ExperimentalConfig) : A set of experimental options used for Kineto library features. Note, backward compatibility is not guaranteed. use_cuda (bool): .. deprecated:: 1.8.1 use ``activities`` instead. .. note:: Use :func:`~torch.profiler.schedule` to generate the callable schedule. Non-default schedules are useful when profiling long training jobs and allow the user to obtain multiple traces at the different iterations of the training process. The default schedule simply records all the events continuously for the duration of the context manager. .. note:: Use :func:`~torch.profiler.tensorboard_trace_handler` to generate result files for TensorBoard: ``on_trace_ready=torch.profiler.tensorboard_trace_handler(dir_name)`` After profiling, result files can be found in the specified directory. Use the command: ``tensorboard --logdir dir_name`` to see the results in TensorBoard. For more information, see `PyTorch Profiler TensorBoard Plugin `__ .. note:: Enabling shape and stack tracing results in additional overhead. When record_shapes=True is specified, profiler will temporarily hold references to the tensors; that may further prevent certain optimizations that depend on the reference count and introduce extra tensor copies. Examples: .. code-block:: python with torch.profiler.profile( activities=[ torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU, torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA, ] ) as p: code_to_profile() print(p.key_averages().table( sort_by="self_cuda_time_total", row_limit=-1)) Using the profiler's ``schedule``, ``on_trace_ready`` and ``step`` functions: .. code-block:: python # Non-default profiler schedule allows user to turn profiler on and off # on different iterations of the training loop; # trace_handler is called every time a new trace becomes available def trace_handler(prof): print(prof.key_averages().table( sort_by="self_cuda_time_total", row_limit=-1)) # prof.export_chrome_trace("/tmp/test_trace_" + str(prof.step_num) + ".json") with torch.profiler.profile( activities=[ torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU, torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA, ], # In this example with wait=1, warmup=1, active=2, repeat=1, # profiler will skip the first step/iteration, # start warming up on the second, record # the third and the forth iterations, # after which the trace will become available # and on_trace_ready (when set) is called; # the cycle repeats starting with the next step schedule=torch.profiler.schedule( wait=1, warmup=1, active=2, repeat=1), on_trace_ready=trace_handler # on_trace_ready=torch.profiler.tensorboard_trace_handler('./log') # used when outputting for tensorboard ) as p: for iter in range(N): code_iteration_to_profile(iter) # send a signal to the profiler that the next iteration has started p.step() """ def __init__( self, *, activities: Optional[Iterable[ProfilerActivity]] = None, schedule: Optional[Callable[[int], ProfilerAction]] = None, on_trace_ready: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None, record_shapes: bool = False, profile_memory: bool = False, with_stack: bool = False, with_flops: bool = False, with_modules: bool = False, experimental_config: Optional[_ExperimentalConfig] = None, # deprecated: use_cuda: Optional[bool] = None, ): activities_set = set(activities) if activities else supported_activities() if use_cuda is not None: warn("use_cuda is deprecated, use activities argument instead") if use_cuda: activities_set.add(ProfilerActivity.CUDA) elif ProfilerActivity.CUDA in activities_set: activities_set.remove(ProfilerActivity.CUDA) assert len(activities_set) > 0, "No valid profiler activities found" super().__init__( activities=activities, record_shapes=record_shapes, profile_memory=profile_memory, with_stack=with_stack, with_flops=with_flops, with_modules=with_modules, experimental_config=experimental_config, ) if schedule: self.schedule = schedule # add step markers into the trace and table view self.record_steps = True else: self.schedule = _default_schedule_fn self.record_steps = False self.on_trace_ready = on_trace_ready self.step_num = 0 self.current_action = self.schedule(self.step_num) self.step_rec_fn: Optional[prof.record_function] = None self.action_map: Dict[ Tuple[ProfilerAction, Optional[ProfilerAction]], List[Any] ] = { # key is (prev_action, current_action), value is action list corresponding to the state pair. (ProfilerAction.NONE, ProfilerAction.NONE): [], (ProfilerAction.NONE, ProfilerAction.WARMUP): [self.prepare_trace], (ProfilerAction.NONE, ProfilerAction.RECORD): [ self.prepare_trace, self.start_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.NONE, ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE): [ self.prepare_trace, self.start_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.WARMUP, ProfilerAction.NONE): [ partial(warn, "Incorrect schedule: WARMUP followed by NONE"), self.start_trace, self.stop_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.WARMUP, ProfilerAction.WARMUP): [], (ProfilerAction.WARMUP, ProfilerAction.RECORD): [self.start_trace], (ProfilerAction.WARMUP, ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE): [self.start_trace], (ProfilerAction.RECORD, ProfilerAction.NONE): [ partial(warn, "Incorrect schedule: RECORD followed by NONE"), self.stop_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.RECORD, ProfilerAction.WARMUP): [ partial(warn, "Incorrect schedule: RECORD followed by WARMUP"), self.stop_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.RECORD, ProfilerAction.RECORD): [], (ProfilerAction.RECORD, ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE): [], (ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE, ProfilerAction.NONE): [ self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready, ], (ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE, ProfilerAction.WARMUP): [ self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready, self.prepare_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE, ProfilerAction.RECORD): [ self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready, self.prepare_trace, self.start_trace, ], (ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE, ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE): [ self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready, self.prepare_trace, self.start_trace, ], # used for exit action (ProfilerAction.WARMUP, None): [self.start_trace, self.stop_trace], (ProfilerAction.RECORD, None): [self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready], (ProfilerAction.RECORD_AND_SAVE, None): [ self.stop_trace, self._trace_ready, ], } # Start tracking increments to profiler step, this will be used # by Kineto prof.KinetoStepTracker.init_step_count(PROFILER_STEP_NAME) def __enter__(self): self.start() return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): self.stop() prof.KinetoStepTracker.erase_step_count(PROFILER_STEP_NAME) def start(self): self._transit_action(ProfilerAction.NONE, self.current_action) if self.record_steps: self.step_rec_fn = prof.record_function( "ProfilerStep#" + str(self.step_num) ) self.step_rec_fn.__enter__() def stop(self): if self.record_steps and self.step_rec_fn: self.step_rec_fn.__exit__(None, None, None) self._transit_action(self.current_action, None) def step(self): """ Signals the profiler that the next profiling step has started. """ if self.record_steps and self.step_rec_fn: self.step_rec_fn.__exit__(None, None, None) prev_action = self.current_action cur_step = self.step_num self.step_num += 1 self.current_action = self.schedule(self.step_num) self._transit_action(prev_action, self.current_action) prof.KinetoStepTracker.increment_step(PROFILER_STEP_NAME) if self.record_steps: self.step_rec_fn = prof.record_function("ProfilerStep#" + str(cur_step)) self.step_rec_fn.__enter__() def _trace_ready(self): if self.on_trace_ready: self.on_trace_ready(self) def _transit_action(self, prev_action, current_action): action_list = self.action_map.get((prev_action, current_action)) if action_list: for action in action_list: action() class ExecutionTraceObserver: """Execution Trace Observer Each process can have a single ExecutionTraceObserver instance. The observer can be added to record function callbacks via calling register_callback() explicitly. Without calling unregister_callback(), repeated calls to register_callback() will not add additional observers to record function callbacks. Once an ExecutionTraceObserver is created, the start() and stop() methods control when the event data is recorded. Deleting or calling unregister_callback() will remove the observer from the record function callbacks, finalize the output file, and will stop incurring any overheads. """ def __init__(self): """ Initializes the default states. """ self._registered = False self._execution_trace_running = False def __del__(self): """ Calls unregister_callback() to make sure to finalize outputs. """ self.unregister_callback() def register_callback(self, output_file_path: str): """ Adds ET observer to record function callbacks. The the data will be written to output_file_path. """ if not self._registered: self._output_file_path = output_file_path self._registered = _add_execution_trace_observer(output_file_path) def unregister_callback(self): """ Removes ET observer from record function callbacks. """ if self._registered: self.stop() _remove_execution_trace_observer() self._registered = False @property def is_registered(self): """ Returns True if the execution trace observer is registered, otherwise False. """ return self._registered def is_running(self): """ Returns True if the observer is running, otherwise False. """ return self._execution_trace_running def start(self): """ Starts to capture. """ if self._registered and not self._execution_trace_running: _enable_execution_trace_observer() self._execution_trace_running = True def stop(self): """ Stops to capture. """ if self._execution_trace_running: _disable_execution_trace_observer() self._execution_trace_running = False def get_output_file_path(self) -> str: """ Returns the output file name. """ if self.is_registered: return self._output_file_path else: raise RuntimeError( "A callback to the ET profiler needs to be registered " "first before getting the output file path" )